Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)- Nepal
| Information about Measure | |
|---|---|
| First Name | Brandon |
| Last Name | Kohrt |
| Not Available | |
| Affiliation | Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA |
| Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brandon_Kohrt |
| Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated | Patient Health Questionnaire 9, PHQ9 Nepal Version |
| Mental health condition assessed | Depressive Disorders |
| Idiom of distress included, if any | manko samasya or “heart-mind” problems |
| Lifestage of interest | Adult (General) |
| Age range (age – age) | — |
| Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated | Nepal |
| Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool | Nepali |
| Clinical or community sample? | Community |
| Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? | 125 male and female adults drawn from a random sample of community clinics in Nepal. |
| Development procedures | culturally-adapted,validated,locally-developed |
| If validated, what was the gold standard? | Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Nepal version |
| Description of other development procedures, if applicable | — |
| Cronbach’s alpha | 0.84 |
| Sensitivity | 0.94 |
| Spec | 0.8 |
| Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) | The PHQ9 was translated and reviewed by community focus groups drawn from diverse age, caste, and literacy levels. After revision for concept and semantic validity, items assessing the local idiom of distress ‘heart-mind’ problems were added. It was administered as an interview to a community sample of adult men and women along with the clinician adminstered CIDI.
Senstivity and specificity are reported for a PHQ9 cutoff score of 10 and above. PPV was 0.42 (95 % CI 0.27—0.59), and NPV was 0.99 (95 % CI 0.93—1.00), with a positive likelihood ratio of 4.62 (95 % CI 3.12—6.83), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.07 (95 % CI 0.01—0.47). Heart-mind problems had a sensitivity of 0.94 (95 % CI 0.69—1.00), specificity of 0.27 (95 % CI 0.19—0.36), PPV of 0.17 (95 % CI 0.10—0.26), and NPV of 0.97 (95 % CI 0.81—1.00). Brain-mind problems had low sensitivity for CIDI positive status (sensitivity = 0.47, 95 % CI 0.25—0.71). |
| Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool | Kohrt, B. A., Luitel, N. P., Acharya, P., & Jordans, M. J. (2016). Detection of depression in low resource settings: validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and cultural concepts of distress in Nepal. BMC psychiatry, 16(1), 58. |
| Notes when administering the tool | The PHQ9 Nepal version should be administered by a healthcare worker as an interview. Visual response aids may be helpful. The total score is used with all items equally weighted. |